高原鼠兔干扰对高寒草地碳循环的影响研究进展

高原鼠兔(Ochotona curzoniae)是青藏高原的关键种,其干扰导致高寒草地下垫面形成植被和裸地斑块镶嵌共存的景观格局,加剧了植被生产力和土壤有机碳的空间异质性分布,改变了生态系统碳交换过程。为了增进对高原鼠兔干扰在高寒草地碳循环中作用的认识,本文综述了高原鼠兔干扰对高寒草地生态系统有机碳储量和碳交换的作用过程和影响机制。总结出采食、堆土和挖掘是高原鼠兔直接影响高寒草地的主要方式,同时堆土和挖掘也是高寒草地秃斑化的潜在诱因,秃斑侵蚀、扩张以及本身的热岛效应也会对高寒草地生态系统功能产生影响。尽管高原鼠兔挖掘活动促进了土壤养分循环有利于生态系统有机碳的累积,但是堆土以及与高原鼠兔干扰相关联的秃斑化也会引起潜在的有机碳流失。高原鼠兔挖掘洞穴打破了生态系统原有的碳交换平衡,加速了CO₂通过鼠兔洞道扩散排出,而堆土和秃斑化后植被物种组成改变,地上、地下生物量分配格局的变化以及土壤暖干化是生态系统碳交换发生改变的主要原因。基于现有研究进展,未来的研究需要重点关注大尺度高原鼠兔干扰对生态系统有机碳储量的量化评估,以及耦合生态系统碳储量和碳收支的综合研究。     

一种从藤粉蝶分离的微孢子虫的生物学特性和分子系统发育研究

从广州市萝岗桑园周边捕捉到的野外昆虫藤粉蝶(Delias pasithoe)成虫体内分离到1株微孢子虫,经人工接种可在家蚕体内全身性寄生。用透射电子显微镜观察到该微孢子虫为双核,极丝11～12圈,极丝同型,基本符合Nosema属微孢子虫超微结构特征。该微孢子虫在其生活史发育过程中以偶倍数核为主,以二分裂方式增殖,形成双核孢子,发育周期为108 h。基于SSU rRNA和rRNA ITS序列的相似性比较和系统进化分析进一步证实该微孢子虫与Nosema属亲缘关系最近,应被分类为Nosema属‘true’Nosema亚群。     

十字花科蔬菜对蛞蝓生长发育的影响

在25℃、开灯1 h,关灯23 h(光照1L:23 D)、湿度20%~30%条件下,采用甘蓝、油菜、花椰菜、大白菜、小白菜饲养蛞蝓,研究蛞蝓的生物活性。结果表明:大白菜上蛞蝓的产卵前期、产卵量与其它4种蔬菜相比差异显著;用甘蓝饲养的蛞蝓平均每天增重量最大,为4.68 g,甘蓝上蛞蝓的种群趋势指数和平均体重增加值与其它4种蔬菜相比差异显著,小白菜和花椰菜上蛞蝓的种群趋势指数与油菜和大白菜相比差异显著。说明不同蔬菜对蛞蝓种群生命力的影响存在差异。     

Changes in carotenoids and ABA content in Citrus leaves in response to girdling

The effect of girdling on abscisic acid, carotenoids content, xanthophylls cycle and non-photoquemical quenching was studied in leaves from different shoot types of containerized two-year-old ‘Loretina’ mandarin during spring flush period. Girdling increased abscisic acid in young leaves and decreased it in mature leaves. These changes were accompanied by a significant increase in leaf carotenoids, carotenoids:chlorophylls ratio, xanthophylls and xanthophylls cycle pool size and its de-epoxidation state in vegetative and multiflowered young leafy shoots. However, changes in de-epoxidation state did not correlate with the energy-dependent non-photochemical quenching. The role of carotenoids and abscisic acid as photoprotecting agents during the oxidative stress caused by girdling is discussed. In conclusion, this study provides evidence linking carotenoids-based photoprotecting mechanisms in the response to the stress induced by girdling in Citrus trees.     

HPLC quantification of coumarin in bastard balm (Melittis melissophyllum L., Lamiaceae)

Coumarin occurs in many plants used as flavoring and is known to possess hepatotoxic effects. Despite in the EFSA ‘Compendium of botanicals containing toxic substances’ coumarin is reported to be present in Melittis melissophyllum (bastard balm), a plant traditionally used as beverage in Italy and Serbia, to the best of our knowledge quantitative data has never been reported. Thus, the amount of coumarin in bastard balm leaves and its variation during the annual phenological cycle were determined. The subsp. melissophyllum resulted to contain high levels of coumarin (14,392 mg/kg), mainly in the early stages of the plant cycle, suggesting prudence in its use as beverage. Furthermore, coumarin was found to be useful as marker compound to differentiate the bastard balm subspecies occurring in Italy, since the subsp. albida contained a much lower content of this molecule (19–34 mg/kg).     

与生长激素相关的高等植物细胞周期生化调控

高等植物细胞周期是细胞生物学上的重要研究领域。细胞周期受遗传和发育影响因素的调控。本文综述高等植物细胞周期中涉及到细胞周期关卡GO-G1-S期和G2-M期的激素调控。最新研究成果证明玉米素、腺嘌呤、激动素、赤霉素和脱落酸等通过细胞周期蛋白依赖性蛋白激酶及细胞周期关卡的脱磷酸化控制细胞周期。植物D-型细胞周期蛋白也已被证明在细胞周期调控中起关键作用。本文有关细胞周期的研究综述对植物细胞和发育生物学研究有参考价值。图3参61。     

光箨篌竹立竹度,轮伐期试验研究

对光箨篌竹林立竹度、轮伐期的试验研究结果表明,其最佳立竹度为3500株/0.07hm~2,合理的伐期为1a,这样,不但能提高单位面积1年生竹产量与质量,同时还能较大地提高竹材产出量。     

实现社会循环经济必须大力发展县域生态经济

文章分析了生态经济与循环经济发展的原理,阐述了县域生态经济的发展思路。提出了发展循环经济必须大力发展县域生态经济,县域生态经济发展是实现"生态文明"的基础产业支柱,是建立和谐生态循环经济的前提和保障,是加快县域经济发展的有效途径。     

油茶根腐病发生规律和综合防治研究

油茶根腐病是油茶林的新病害，植株自发病至死亡为２～３年，其病菌为根际土壤习居菌，喜酸性和较低温度，病菌侵入植株的途径主要是伤口，潜育期２０ｄ左右．防治本病的关键是保护幼树根颈部及主根不受伤害，加强管理，增强树势．此外，用熟石灰在根际处与表土层拌匀覆盖和用多菌灵、退菌特等杀菌剂及时进行防治，并辅以营林技术措施治理，可收到良好的防治效果．